Ingrain carpet fabric



(No Model.)

H. HARDWIOK.

INGRAIN CARPET FABRIG. No. 353,135. Patented Nov. 23, 1886.

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WWW/04M UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE. I

HARRY HARD\VICK, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

INGRAIN CARPET FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 353,135, dated November 23, 1886. v Application filed May 4, 1886. Serial No. 20 1,653. (No spccimcns.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY HARDwIoK, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Ingrain Carpet Fabrics, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to so make a two-ply ingrain carpet as to provide a more acceptable distribution of colors in the pattern than is possible when the carpet is woven in the usual manner; and this object I attain in the manner which I will now proceed to describe, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an exaggerated diagram, illustrating the usual method of weavingatwo-ply ingrain carpet; Fig. 2, a similar View illustrating myimproved method of weaving, and Fig. 3 a diagram illustrating the object of my invention.

In weaving ordinary two-ply ingrain carpet four sets of warp-threads and four weft-threads are usually employed, two of said weft-threads forming the figure and the other two forming the ground, each of the figure-threads having as its mate one of the ground -threads, and these threads being so arranged that when a figure-thread appears upon the face of the fabric, its mat-e thread appears 011 the back, the figure-thread appearing upon the back when the mate groundthread appears upon the face. This will be understood on reference to Fig. 1, which illustrates the old way of weaving.

We will suppose the figuring weft-threads to be red and black, and to be indicated by the letters R and B, and the ground weft-threads to be white and olive, and indicated by the letters W and 0.

It will be observed that the red and white weft-threads are mate threads, and that one appears upon the back when the other is upon the face, the black and olive weft-threads being similarly mated. This result is necessitated in the usual manner of weaving two-ply ingrain carpets, owing to the manner in which the warp-threads are operated.

There are four sets of warp-threads--two for the ground and two for the figure-and these threads are usually of the same colors as the weftthreads, each weft-thread, where it appears upon the face of the fabric, being bound by a warp-thread of its own color.

In the diagram, the letters 1" b w 0 indicate, respectively, the red, black, white, and olive warp-th reads.

There isin the loom for weaving the fabric a lifter'board for the ground'warps, and a 1ifterboard for the figure-warps, and a harness shaft or frame for each of the four warps, and there is but one operation of the Jacquard needles for every two picks of the loom, there being an operation of the ground and figure lifter boards in succession between the operations of the Jacquard needles. Each Jacquard needle controls two tails-one connected to the figuring-warps b and r,and the other to the groundwarp threads 20 and oand the lifter-boards are so constructed that when the figuring-tail of the needle is adjusted so as to be lifted by the figure lifter board, the ground-tailwill not be'acted on by the ground-lifter board-when it rises. The weftthreads are inserted in a certain orderfor instance, in that shown by the numerals applied to the threads in the drawings, the order there illustrated being white, red, olive, black, and this being then repeated.

In Fig. l of the drawings I have illustrated the full number of changes possible when the old mode of weaving is adopted, the first section showing the ground-threads up, the second section showing the figure-threads up, and the third section showing what are known as shot-about effects, or part figure and part ground, these effects being produced by i a reversal in the order of lifting the warpthreads.

I have deemed it best to give a detailed statement of the operations of the loom necessary in weaving a piece of fabric of the character shown, as this will make it clear that the ordinary method of working the warp-threads necessitates the disposal of the mate threads in the mannerwhichlhave before mentioned.

The operations are as follows:

Shot. Color. I igure-lift board. Ground-lift board. Harness-shaft lifts; Threads down.

1 White. Rises; no lift. I At rest. White to bind on face. Red, black, and olive. 6O 2 Red. At rest. 1 Lifts white and olive. Red. Black to bind on "back. 3 Olive. Rises; no lift. 1 At rest. Olive to bind on face. Red, black, and white. 4 Black. At rest. I Lifts white and olive. Black. Red to bind on back. 5 White. Lifts tea and black. i At rest. White. Olive to bind on back- 6 Red. At rest. Rises; no lift. Red to bind on face. 1 Black, white, and olive. '7 Olive. Lifts red and black. At rest. Olive. i YVhite to bind on back. 8 Black. At rest. Rises; no lift. i Black to bind on face. Red, white, and olive. 7O 9 White. Lifts red and black. At rest. i White. Olive to bind on back.

10 Red. At rest. Rises; no lift. Rod to bind on face. 1 Black, white, and olive.

11 Olive. Rises; no lift. At rest. Olive to bind on face. \Vhite, red, and black.

12 Black. At rest. Lifts white and olive. Black. Red to bind on back. 7 5

13 White. Rises; no lift. At rest. White to bind on face. Olive, red, and black.

14 Red. At rest. Lifts white and olive. 1 Red. Black to bind on back.

15 Olive. Lifts red and black. Atrest. Olive. \Vhite to bind on back.

16 Black. At rest. Rises; no lift. 1 Black to bind on face. Red, white, and olive.

The heavy dividing-lines indicate where the jacquard changes.

In carrying out my invention I discard the I am aware that in making an ordinary in- 8 alternate operation 'of the Jacquard needles, grain carpet mate threads necessarily appear and instead operate them on each pick of the side by side for a very limited distance where loom, so that by a proper arrangement of the the figure changes and thethreads are crowded cards, and without interfering with the usual together; but thisappearance isnotintentional,

order ofinsertion oftheweftthreads, the warps and does not form a defined part of the pattern, 0 may be so operated as to permit the. bringing and hence is distinct from my invention, in of successivelyintroduced or mate threads side which the appearance of the mate threads side by side on the sameface of the fabric, asshown by side upon the same face forms a definite in Fig. 2 of the drawings, instead of dispose feature of the pattern, and is brought about by ing them one above another, as in Fig. 1. a defiulte and novel operation of the warp 5 I may dispense with the usual harness shafts threads. For instance, in Fig. 3 Ihave shown or journals of the loom, and lift all of the a pattern in which the portions x are ground, threads for each pick by means of asinglelifterthe portion a figure, the portion 00 shot-about board; but I prefer to employ the same loom effects, and the portions 0: mate-thread effects. as is now employed for weaving two-ply in- I claim as my invention grain carpet, the only change necessary being A two-ply ingrain carpet fabric in which in the mechanism for operating the Jacquard mate weft-threads appear side by side on the cylinder and the use of double the number of same face of the fabric where it is doublecards formerly employed. ply, and form a part of the pattern of the fab- It will be understood that the new arrangeric, all substantially as specified. r05

\ment of threads is adopted only in those por- In testimony whereof I have signed my name tions of the fabric in which the pattern reto this specification in the presence of twosub quires the new effect or novel distribution of scribing witnesses. colors attained by my invention, the relation HARRY HARDWIOK. of the mate threads to each other in other por- Vitnesses: tions of the fabric remaining the same as at WILLIAM D. CONNER, present. HARRY SMITH. 

